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Theme 1.3. Natural both resource potential and its economic estimation.
Wildlife management and rational use of natural resources

Concept 1) natural and resource potential. Kinds of resources and their classification. Minerals, laws of their placing on territory of the country, classification by the core for them to a sign.
Classification and economic estimation of stocks of mineral raw materials. Concepts of industrial geological and look-ahead stocks of mineral raw materials, fuel. A place of raw and fuel and energy resources of Russia in the CIS and world's reserves. Degree of security them.
Climate, soil and vegetation of Russia, their economic estimation. Influence of a climate and type of soils on placing of making branches of agriculture (plant growing, animal industries).
Natural and resource potential of economic region. Distribution of fuel and energy, mineralno-raw, biological, water and recreational resources on economic zones and country areas. A regional combination of natural resources - a basis of education of various forms of industrial production.
Concept 2) wildlife management and rational wildlife management. Actions of the Government of Russia for preservation of the environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources. Essence природоохранительного legislations. World experience in wildlife management: the basic ways of the decision of environmental problems to the organizational-legal, scientific and technical, financial policy.The international cooperation in preservation of the environment.

Protection and rational use of ground resources. Kinds of pollution of ground resources. Concept of rational use of ground resources. Struggle against water, wind erosion of soils, засолением soils, рекультивация the earths, increase of their fertility. Water resources of Russia and their use. Sources of pollution of reservoirs, structure and properties of sewage. Protection of water resources from pollution. Actions for protection of reservoirs (superficial and underground) from pollution. Economic regulation of rational use and protection of water resources in Russia. Protection and rational use of a plant and animal life. Wood fund: a condition and use. The basic directions of increase of efficiency of use and protection of wood resources. Preservation of genetic fund of fauna in Russia. Rational use and reproduction of hunting-trade resources and fish riches. 3) Protected natural territories of Russia (reserves, national parks, заказники and nature sanctuaries). The basic directions of struggle against the spontaneous natural phenomena. Protection and maintenance of quality of air pool. Sources and structure of polluting substances of air pool. The basic directions of protection of atmosphere (space). Protection of bowels, effective and rational use of all kinds of minerals. Complex development of deposits, struggle against losses of valuable elements and substances at their extraction, transportation and processing. Problems ресурсосбережения. Economic and social factors ресурсосбережения in Russia. A role and value ресурсосберегающей politicians of the state.

The natural and resource potential is understood as set of natural resources which can be used in a national economy. The natural and resource potential of region switches on following kinds of resources: 1. Mineralno-raw. 2. Vegetative. 3. Ground. 4. Water. 5. Fauna. 6. Climatic.
Mineral resources are understood as stocks of the minerals which are formed under the influence of various geological processes and settling down in earth crust.
Resources share on исчерпаемые and inexhaustible. Kinds of mineral raw materials: ore and nonmetallic (coals, oil, salts, gas). Minerals, their classification.
Natural resources can be estimated from the quantitative party and from the economic. The economic estimation is expressed in the cost form through a number of indicators, such as: the actual expenses developing of their involving in economic circulation, the received income and a number of others.
The estimation of natural resources should be based on requirement for them, size and quality of resources.

The basic indicators on natural resources of Russia:

Russia in figures. 2007: the statistical collection / federal service of the state statistics. - М, 2006. - p. 62.

Wildlife management, rational use of its resources – a problem not only ecological, social and economic, but also moral. The relation to the nature – the important party of outlook. The basic directions of wildlife management: preservation and controllable change of the nature; rational use of natural resources; genofund protection; maintenance and efficiency increase.
Wildlife management – process of interaction of the nature and a society. Wildlife management principles: complex use of resources in a combination to environment protection; value of ecological factors at the decision of any problems; orientation to the maximum end results, etc.
Rational wildlife management provides: an intensification of use of natural resources; preservation of riches for the future generations; balance between economic development and stability of environment; preservation of health of people; protection and restoration of aesthetic properties of landscapes.
Irrational – leads to an exhaustion, quality decrease, waste of natural resources; decrease in regenerative properties of the nature; to environmental contamination.
1. Emissions of polluting substances from stationary sources in cities in 1998г., all (million tons) - 18.7, including (thousand tons): Norilsk - 2140, Novokuznetsk - 456, Lipetsk-338, Magnitogorsk - 274, Omsk – 239, Nizhni Tagil – 146.... Moscow (9 place) - 131. The largest centres of ferrous metallurgy.
2. Commissioning of capacities on protection from pollution of water resources and atmospheric air: 1) constructions for sewage treatment (million in cubic m of water a day) – 5,3 (1980) and 0.6 (1998) or reduction in 8.8 times; 2) systems of turnaround water supply (million in cubic m of water a day) - 20.8 (1985), 0.9 (1996) and 2.7 (1998), reduction in 7.7 times; 3) installations for catching and neutralisation of harmful substances from departing gases (million in cubic m of gas at an o'clock) – with 19.6 (1985) to 1.7 (1998), reduction in 12 times.

Preservation, reproduction, rational use of natural resources – the important state problem as the support on ресурсосбережение will allow to save political and economic independence of Russia.
In the Federal law “About bowels”, accepted by the State Duma of Russia in July 1994г., the state ownership on bowels is fixed, and various patterns of ownership on resources extracted from them are provided.
Wildlife management problems: 1) complexity in financing of nature protection actions; 2) absence of the uniform legislation; 3) the big expenses for restoration; 4) absence of the uniform approach to rational wildlife management.
The important problem in the field of rational wildlife management is maintenance of the scientifically-proved influence on the nature for the purpose of preservation of integrity of a geographical cover, flora and fauna, health of people.
The basic directions of increase of efficiency of use of wood resources: 1) a scientific substantiation лесопользования; 2) increase of efficiency of woods; 3) restoration of wood riches taking into account terms of reception of business wood for the industry; 4) complex use of wood and collateral production of a forestry; 5) forest conservation from illnesses, various kinds лесонарушений.
The basic directions of protection of the atmosphere (space), promoting increase of efficiency of reproduction of air pool: 1) clearing of departing gases in the industry and on transport; 2) creation and introduction in practice малоотходных and technologies without waste; 3) gardening of settlements, creation of green zones and forest parks.
The resursosberegajushchaja policy - the primary goal of the country, a basis of rational use of natural resources, pledge of their preservation for the future generations of Russia.
The question is closely connected with questions on mining industry branches.
Reserves and natural national parks: 1) number of reserves: 1990 – 72, 1998 - 99, their area (million in hectare), accordingly, 20 and 36. 2) number of natural national parks, accordingly, 12 and 34; their area (million in hectare), accordingly, 1.8 and 6.6.
Example of natural national park in the Samara region is «Samara an onion», the reserve – "Zhigulevsk", in Samara onions.

Source: Kontorovich, Sadovnik, Alferov etc., 2002.

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. : : © M. K. Shishkov, M. Y. Kormushin , 2002-2009 : : .