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1) Geographical position, area, and administrative-territorial composition of the district. Population Dynamics. Ethnic composition. Features Reproduction at the present stage of socio-economic development. Natural resources, their economic evaluation, the impact of mineral resources in the specialization of industries. Characteristics of the fuel and energy resources of the area. Place area in the territorial division of labor RF. Geography
2) branches of specialization, their importance in the economy of Russia. Engineering, the type characteristic of the area. The forms of territorial organization, and their brief characteristic. Intra-and inter-regional communication in a market economy. Expertise in the field of agriculture. Transport system area. The main modes of transport. The specificity of their placement on the district. The development and distribution of branches of specialization area. The main directions of their decisions in the future.
Composition Republic: Mari El (Yoshkar-Ola), Mordovia (Saransk), and Chuvashia (Cheboksary), Kirov and Nizhny Novgorod region.
EGP Territory. - is 263 thousand km 2. The area is located in the central part of the European territory of Russia, in the basins of the Volga and Vyatka. Geography Area major waterways and at the intersection of railways connecting the C to N, P and U, creates favorable conditions for economic development. EGP western part of the region like EGP Ts and the southern part of the area is similar to natural conditions with TSCH.
Natural conditions and resources Climate - moderate continental. The whole district is located in the forest zone. Own resources of the area is not very large - peat, building materials, phosphorite (Kirov region). There are large tracts of forest Zavolzhie. Water resources - as an enrichment of the area. The Volga River - not only an important transport artery. On its shores has long been settled people and led his own farm.
Population The population in B - 8,3 million. (2000 .) Average population density - 32 people / km 2. Posted population unevenly (figure density varies from 14 people in Kirov region up to 74 people / km 2 Chuvashia).
Ethnic composition - not homogeneous: live Russian (the majority), Mordvinians, Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Udmurt. The most ancient population of the middle Volga region - the peoples of the Uralic language family (Finno-Ugric group) - Mari and Mordvinians. Their ancestors have lived here for many centuries before our era. The second time the formation of ethnic groups - Turkic (Chuvash, Tatars) - have mastered the area of III - IV centuries AD. The third layer is an ethnically Slavic, represented mainly Russian, who came to the area in the XIII century. When it was founded Nizhny Novgorod.
Population Chuvashia (2000) - about 1,4 million. (among them 26% Russian.) population Mari E - about 0.8 million people. (Russian - 47%); Mordovia - more than 0.9 million people. (Russian - 60%). The urban population exceeds the rural (coefficient of urbanization - 70%). The bulk of the population lives in cities. The most prominent is its significance Nizhny Novgorod, with a population of over 1.3 million.
Facilities District specializes in mechanical engineering. Developed industries include chemical and forest industries. The leading role belongs to the transport engineering (automobile and shipbuilding) as well as Engineering (instrumentation, electrical engineering), and machine tools.
Specialization of districts determine the following factors: convenient EGP, historical industrial base in Nizhny Novgorod (Sormovskiy plant was one of the biggest yet in prerevolutionary Russia), significant labor resources, large reserves of water and forest resources in the apparent lack of raw materials and energy.
Mechanical engineering is represented by automobile and shipbuilding, manufacture of engines, products of Radio, appliances, tools, equipment for chemical and lumber industries. This industry employs 50% of the economically active population of the area. Automobile plant in Nizhny Novgorod is connected with component manufacturers and has branches: Bus Plant (Paul, Nizhny Novgorod region), plant dump (Saransk).
High-speed hydrofoils "river-sea, river icebreakers produced before the factory "Red Sormovo" in Nizhny Novgorod. Engineering plants established in Kirov and Cheboksary (heavy industrial tractors, trucks, crawler tractors, bulldozers, off-roaders). Plants Saransk produce bulbs, mercury, arc, quartz lamps and others. Serves local metallurgical engineering recycling facility (Kulebaki, Vyksa - both of Nizhny Novgorod region), but most of the metal comes from the U.
Chemical industry - the second important industry in the area (the main center -- Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region), producing synthetic resins, plastics, nitrogenous fertilizers, sulfuric acid and the other in Kstovo (Nizhny Novgorod region) is a major oil refinery (to the city suitable pipeline from Almetyevsk (Tatarstan).
Timber industry based on their own resources. Companies producing lumber, matches, and furniture. Pulp and paper mills (PPM) is built on the Volga - in Balakhna (Nizhny Novgorod Region), Volzsk (Mari El). CBK Balakhna - the biggest in Russia for production of newsprint. To preserve and develop the old crafts -- sheep wool (city of Semyonov (Nizhny Novgorod region).
Agriculture. Agriculture - diversified, but it only partially meets the requirements area. The leading role belongs to the livestock (using natural meadows and pastures in the valleys of rivers). Breed of cattle, sheep and pigs. Agriculture is specialized in the production of potatoes, and the U region - the cultivation of grain and industrial crops.
TEK. Power District uses peat and hydropower. On the River Volga Nizhny Novgorod and operate Cheboksary HPP. But the most important are oil and gas coming from the P and ZS, as well as coal Pechora and Kuznetsk basins. Most electric power is generated at thermal power plants. The largest of them are located in Balakhna, Nizhny Novgorod, Dzerzhinsk (all - Nizhny Novgorod Region)..
Transportation. The largest transport artery - the Volga. District does not have a dense transportation network, but through its territory are important railway and automobile highways in the eastern regions of the country.