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Geographical position, area, and administrative-territorial composition of the district. The dynamics of population, factors determining its motion. Features Reproduction. Placing people in the area. Density of population. The structure of the population: sex and age, nationality, the ratio between urban and rural populations, the proportion of population in the area of the total population. Manpower, their quantitative and qualitative assessment. Especially the deployment of natural resources in the district, the availability of the district's wn labor resources. Natural resources and natural conditions of the region: climate, soil, availability of mineral resources, their qualitative and quantitative evaluation. The extent to which the districts own fuel and energy resources. Characteristics of the sphere of material production: industry in industry, their raw materials, inter-industry linkages; the leading role of mechanical engineering, chemical industry, light industry: the list of industries that are characteristic of the area, their raw materials ; industries complement territorial complex. The main industry centers. The concentration of industries and environmental issues. The share of industries in the area's economy. The development and deployment of industries at the present stage, the main directions of their solutions. Prospects for industry development area. The development of agriculture. Geography acreage. Expertise in crop and livestock production. The main centers of processing industries agro-industrial complex area. Central Economic Region - an important transport hub Russia Federation. Modes of transport used in the living area. Non-production sphere. The level of non-production sphere. 3) The Central Economic Region - the most important scientific and cultural center of the country.
Compose is Bryansk, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Kostroma, Moscow, Orel, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tver, Tula, Yaroslavl region, Moscow (federal city).
Economic-geographical situation in the region - central, favorable in trans and other relationships on the long stage of historical development. This ancient core of the Russian state, the main bastion of culture and the formation of the Russian people. Advantages Economic-geographical situation of the area enclosed in the comfort of attracting resources as needed from all areas of possible inclusion in the inter-regional (and international) economic relations and the implementation of the multiple responsibilities of leadership in relation to the entire country and especially its European part.) Central Economic Region - historical, political and economic center of the country. Its territory is the capital of Russia - Moscow. Among all economic regions of the Central played a leading role.
Natural conditions and resources of the area have plain-hilly relief (Valdai and Smolensk-Moscow Upland, Meshcherskaya lowland). Climate - moderate continental. Soils - wood, sod-podzolic. Within the Central District originate famous rivers - the Volga, Western Dvina (Daugava), the Dnieper and other natural resources area is not rich, so the industry has relied on imported raw materials. There are reserves of brown coal (Moscow basin), phosphorus, peat, limestone, sand, forests - in the north and north-west region.
The population of the Central District - the densely populated part of Russia. Territory - 486 thousands of square kilometers (2,9% of the country); population - 29,4 million (2000 ML), which is about 20% of Russia (the first place among economic district); population density-60 people per square kilometer (the most densely populated Moscow region - 320 persons per square kilometer, along with Moscow).
For the region is characterized by high concentration of skilled personnel. Moscow - the largest administrative and political, industrial, transport, scientific and cultural center of the country (Moscow metropolitan area - about 12 million people). On the territory of the Central district - more than 250 cities. The scale of development of industry rise to a significant predominance of the urban population, 83%.
The farm is a highly developed industrial area of the country. Industry Area specializes in produce products requiring skilled labor and scientific developments. Major industry specialization - diversified engineering, chemistry, light industry (textile) printing industry.
Fuel and Energy Complex of the Central District focuses mainly on imported fuel. Local fuel is brown coal and peat. Lignite coal is mainly in the Tula and Ryazan regions, although it declined significantly in recent years in connection with the supply of more efficient energy resources (oil and gas). Central District ranks first in Russia to produce electrical energy (more 18%). Much of it produced in large heat-electric station. Some of them work in the Moscow region coal or peat: Cherepetskaya, Shchekino (Tula Region), Ryazan, Kostroma, Konakovskaya (Tver region) GRES and TETS and Moscow are working on gas and oil. The Upper Volga act Ivankovo (Tver region), Uglich and Rybinsk hydroelectric station (both - Yaroslavl region). However, all these stations do not fully satisfy the needs of the area of electric power. Therefore, some electric energy is transferred here from the AP. Smolensk and Tver energy give plant, and Also located in the city Obninsk (Kaluga region), the world's first nuclear power plant, built in 1954.
Mechanical engineering complex is represented by machine-and instrument-making, power and transport engineering. Considerable scope is the production of robots and automatic machines, electronic control systems and computing devices and communications equipment (this is due to the presence of qualified personnel and the strong scientific and technological base).
Transport engineering presented the production of cars, locomotives, wagons and river boats. Slide structure : Moscow (freight and passenger cars, assembling buses); Likino-Dulevo, Moscow Region (buses). Construct a new plant for production of buses near Moscow (Golicyno) with the participation of companies of Germany. Teplovozostroenie presented in Kolomna (Moscow region ART.) Ljudinovo (Kaluga region ART.), Murom (Vladimir area.). Car building - Tver (cars); Mytischi (Moscow region). (Coaches and wagons for the underground); Vishny Volochek (Tver region). (Electric cars), Bryansk (isothermal wagons). River shipbuilding and ship repair - Moscow, Rybinsk (Yaroslavl region.) Kostroma. Agricultural machinery is presented in Lyubertsy (Moscow region), Bezhetsk (Tver region), Ryazan, Tula. The tractor plant is located in Vladimir.
Central District has a leading place in the country for production equipment, automation equipment, control systems. The main centers of Instrument: Moscow, Vladimir, Ryazan, Smolensk. Electrical industry developed in the Moscow, Kaluga, Yaroslavl. Major centers are machine tools: Moscow, Ryazan, Kolomna. Despite the existence of its own metallurgical factories in Moscow and Thule Elektrostal, there is the problem of machine-building factories Economic Area of ferrous metals, which brought in from other regions. In the area formed a unique military industry: nuclear power, space-rocket, a weapon, aviation.
The chemical industry is also an important industry in the area. She is represented by the production of phosphate fertilizers (local raw materials) -- Voskresensk (Moscow area.) Polpino (Bryansk area.) nitrogen fertilizer -- Novomoskovsk and Schekino (Tula area).. Development of the production of soda, sulfuric acid (silk, Novomoskovsk, Voskresensk). In Yaroslavl Efremov (Tula region)., Posted factories for the production of synthetic rubber products at tire plants are operating in Moscow and Ryazan. Chemical fibers produced in Tver, Klin, Serpukhov (Moscow region, both.) Ryazan. Widely developed in the production of photochemical products, varnishes, dyes, medicines, perfumes.
Textile industry - the oldest industries based on imported raw materials, which was previously one of the industry in the area in recent years experienced an acute crisis. Notes the severe decline in production. Enterprises cotton industry in the cities of Ivanovo, Moscow, Orekhovo - Zuevo , Noginsk (both - the Moscow region.), Tver, Yaroslavl, Kostroma and drugie.Proizvodyatsya in the area as linen, wool and silk fabrics.
For characterized by a very powerful printing industry (Moscow, Tver, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Chekhov (Moscow Region). District retains first place in the development of science, higher and specialized secondary education, training and retraining. The Central raone 136 students from 535 universities of the country, here is a quarter of secondary specialized educational institutions.
APK of Central district - one of the largest in Russia producer of milk, meat, potatoes, vegetables, flax and sugar beets, as well as the food, however, industry own agriculture production does not ensure the needs of the region, food products must be flown. This is the area of potato growing and livestock. S. - much flax. In industrial areas dominated by suburban specialization in agriculture.
Transportation. The territorial structure of the transport network of the Central Area - radial ring. Kernel - The Moscow agglomeration. Well-developed all kinds of transport. Communication with all other district provides a dense network of railways and auto roads. In the capital, there are four airports. Moscow is also a river port, with (in the Volga and the system of navigable canals) access to five seas.