 |
|
 |
[РУС]
[ENG
[GER]
[ESP]
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Geographical position, area, and administrative-territorial composition of the district. The number and characteristics of human reproduction at the present stage. Population structure of its species. Manpower, their quantitative and qualitative characteristics, location of the area. Problems of labor resources in the face of the labor market. Minerals region, their economic evaluation. The degree of satisfaction of the district of fuel and energy, mineral resources. Place area in the territorial division of labor RF. 2) Branches of industry specialization area. Factors that determine their development and deployment. Intra-and inter-territorial communication. The most important industrial centers. Soil and climatic conditions of the area as a factor of specialization in agriculture. The main branches of specialization: flax and dairy farming. The main centers of processing industries. Transport, types of transport used. Brief description of the transport system area.
Consists from Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov Oblast, St. Petersburg (federal city).
EGP Location area – advantageous. This limited area (197 km 2) off the coast of the Baltic Sea or close to it. Rivers and lakes in the area held an ancient trade route from the Vikings to the Greeks ", which appeared Novgorod Russia. For two centuries, St. Petersburg was the capital of Russia. He is now isolated in the "zone of free enterprise" and occupies a central position in the area. The area is located between the developed European countries - Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and also adjacent to the ER with Russia (with its rich resource base). Currently, the Gulf of Finland are building three new Russian ports.
Natural conditions and resources climate area is temperate continental, on the coast - is the sea. For the whole territory is characterized by podzolic and peat soils. Forests cover slightly less than half the size of the area, and the north-east of a wooded area reaches 70% .
Characteristic of moraine-glacial landscape with hills and ridges. Especially many moraine hills in the uplands, where they alternate with lacustrine basins. North-West of the Russian Plain - Lake District: here about 7 thousand lakes. Largest - Ladoga (surface area of 18 thousand km 2), Onega, Peipsi, Ilmen. Rivers - thick. Hence the relevant fisheries. Relatively short river Neva (74 km), flowing from Lake Ladoga and flows into the Gulf of Finland, one of the most abundant in Russia.
Minerals do not differ richness and diversity: fire clay, shale oil, phosphate, quartz sand, limestone, salt springs (in the Old Rusas, Novgorod region), bauxite (Tikhvin, Leningrad region).
Population Population - 7,9 million. (2000 .). The average population density of around 40 persons / km 2, but in the outlying areas of rural population density of only 2.4 persons / km 2. Most of the population is urbanization rate - 87%. An extensive network of educational institutions (primarily - in St-Petersburg) ensures the availability of highly skilled personnel. The population of St. Petersburg - about 5 million.
Facilities Main socio-economic. preconditions for the development area: favorable EGP, skills, development of science and culture, developed experimental design framework. N-industrial area with a developed set of manufacturing industries with a high proportion of engineering, which focuses on imported raw materials and fuel.
Industry expertise - engineering, highly skilled labor are non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical and light industries.
TAC of district focuses mainly on imported fuel (oil, gas, coal). Region - a major consumer of electricity. Its produce powerful thermal power plants, using imported energy. Powerful GRES and TETS located in St-Petersburg, its suburbs and in Kirishi (which fits the pipeline from the Volga region). A significant share of electricity power plant give middle and low-power, built on the rivers Svir, Volkhov, Vuoksa, etc. For a more reliable supply of electricity to the area under St. Petersburg was built and operates one of the largest in Russia Leningrad nuclear power plant. NW power system connected to a single power system of the European part of Russia.
Mechanical engineering area is characterized by developed intra-connections. We present the following branches of engineering: energy, electrical engineering, shipbuilding, instrument making, machine. The area is a major supplier of equipment, automation equipment, turbines, tractors. Manufacture of power equipment: generators and turbines for hydroelectric power station GRES, AES represented companies in St. Petersburg. Developed shipbuilding: "Admiralty", "Baltic" factories of S-Petersburg produce nuclear-powered icebreakers, ocean bulk carriers, etc.
High Tech industries are instrument-making industry, radio engineering, electronics, electrical engineering (S-Petersburg, Novgorod, Pskov, Great Luki (Pskov region)., Staraya Russa. In Novgorod, Pskov, in Viborg produce radios and television equipment, video cassette recorders.
Chemical industry from Petersburg was a pioneer in the production of polymers, plastics, pharmaceuticals in Russia. We develop a lightweight industry. (Footwear, textiles, food).
A number of industries NW based on local natural resources. This phosphate mining and production of these fertilizers (ex-Kingisepp, the modern name of the city -- Kuressaare), the production of refractory bricks from local clay (Borovichi, Novgorod region), extraction and production of construction materials, mining shales (slates, Leningrad region). N is the birthplace of the aluminum industry (in local Tikhvin bauxite, Leningrad region). non-ferrous metals are in Volkhov, (aluminum plant), Boksitogorsk and Pikalevo (alumina refineries), all three - the Leningrad region.
Agricultural specializes in dairy farming, pig farming, poultry farming, production of vegetables and potatoes. Retained its importance flax in the south and south-west region. Linen processed at the numerous small factories and large flax in Pskov and Great Luki.
Transportation. S-Petersburg transport hub on the size of cargo and passenger traffic is second only to Moscow. Transport path away from the city-rays in different directions. St. Petersburg is now - one of the largest foreign seaports of Russia. Volga-Baltic Waterway provides links to other ER European part of Russia. White Sea - Baltic Canal opens the way to the White and Barents Sea.
Kaliningrad region - the western region of Russia, "enclave" or territory separated from the rest of the country, not having her single territorial space. In the north-west goes to the Baltic Sea, bordered by Lithuania and Poland. Territory - 15 thousand km. 2. Population 950 thousand people, Russian - 78%, Belarus - 8%, Ukrainians - 7%. Urban population - 78%. The climate is mild and humid. Fossil - brown coal, peat, construction materials, amber, there are reserves of oil (extraction of 1 million tons per year) of gas. Unique landscapes create conditions for tourism.
Economically is closely connected with the sea. The role of fisheries and WEC RF. Industry market specialization - fishing, engineering, pulp and paper (1 / 3 production gives the fishing industry). Great progress has been meat and dairy industry Kaliningrad - an ice-free port on the Baltic Sea, it is concentrated most companies in the region in 1991 established SEZ "Yantar". The development area is defined by its isolation from the rest of Russia.