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1) Geographical position, area, and administrative-territorial composition of the district. Population; dynamics, natural and mechanical movement, their role in changing the magnitude of the population. Ethnic composition, especially the population replacement at the present stage and location in the district. Sex and age structure of population and its impact on the value of labor resources. Natural Resources District, their economic evaluation. Current ecological conditions in the area. Place area in the territorial division of labor RF.
2) Specialization of industry in the area. Of prime significance of the coal, gas, oil, timber industries. The forms of territorial organization of industry. The value of the Timan-Pechora WPK. Industries that complement complex: non-ferrous metals, iron ore, chemicals, fishing, light industry, shipbuilding, ship repairs. The structure of industries. Expertise in the area of agriculture. Value for crop, livestock and processing sectors in the economy of the Agriculture. Transportation. His role in the economy of the region. Place of administrative units in the area's economy.
Composition of the Republic: Karelia (capital - Petrozavodsk) and Komi (Syktyvkar). Arkhangelsk (including Nenets Autonomous District), Vologda and Murmansk region.
Economic-geographical situation (EGS) is the northernmost in the European part of Russia ER. Large territory - 1643 thousand km 2. Coastline along the North. Arctic Ocean. Here are the important ports of Russia -- Murmansk (freezing), Arkhangelsk. Part Barents Sea, warmed by the warm North Atlantic currents, does not freeze. Quite a large part of the district is located north of the Arctic Circle in the cold zone. EGP district peculiar. On the territory of location management area has been influenced by many factors, including the proximity of the Arctic Ocean, the severity of the climate, the complex configuration of the coastline and White
Natural conditions and resources were very natural conditions and climate of the region - unusual lighting and heating of the earth's surface at different seasons of the year ( "polar day and polar night "). In the middle of winter, the duration of" polar night "at the latitude of the Arctic Circle is 24 hours, and in the regions of the parallel 70 degrees north latitude, is 64 days a year.
Submitted natural zones - tundra, forest tundra and taiga. Forests occupy 3 / 4 territory.
In the geological sense region includes the Baltic Shield and the northern Russian Plain, where allocated extensive Pechora Lowland and Timan Ridge. Rivers District (Pechora, Mezen, Onega, Northern Dvina) belong to the North Basin. Arctic Ocean.
The Baltic Shield allocated low mountain ranges Kola Peninsula. Peninsula slowly continues to rise (the case of earthquakes of magnitude up to 5 points). Originality and complexity of the relief with the act of glaciers (the Quaternary period). Karelia styled "Land of Blue Lakes", noting their numbers.
The area is very rich in various minerals. Extraction of granite, marble and other construction materials has started in the time of construction of St. Petersburg. Deposits of iron ore and nonferrous metals in sedimentary rocks of the Timan-Pechora basin are rich in coal (coke), oil and gas (Komi Republic and the Barents Sea shelf). With rich bauxite (Arkhangelsk Region ART), as well as ores of titanium, tungsten, molybdenum and other metals.
Population. Population - 5,9 million. an average density - 4 pers. 1 km 2 (in the northern regions even less). Predominantly urban (coefficient of urbanization - 76%).
Economy of the native population (Komi, Nenets and others) have long been engaged in hunting, fishing and reindeer herding. Nowadays the area is determined by the presence of abundant natural resources and geographical position.
Industry in the region are: fuel, mining and timber industries. Were developed (based on local resources), ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, machine building and chemical industries. C is the main raw material, fuel and energy base for many areas of the European part of Russia. Here is a third timber, paper and pulp Russia (Arkhangelsk, Kotlas (Arkhangelsk Region)., Syktyvkar, Kondopoga, Segezha (both - Karelia).
On the Kola Peninsula and in Karelia is 1 / 4 iron ore, 4 / 5 raw material for production of phosphate fertilizers (apatite), then considerable part of non-ferrous ores mined in Russia.
In 1930 he had explored large deposits of oil on the river Ukhta and coal from Vorkuta. At present, Droege (on the right bank Ukhta) extract the thick shaft oil. In the middle reaches Pechora developed condensate field Vuktyl. Stocks today Pechora coal basin are billions of tons (production of about 20 million tons). Coking coal Vorkuta and Vorgashora quality - the best in the country. Most of them come to Cherepovets Metallurgical Plant, as well as in St. Petersburg and Tula.
Steel brought Cherepovets Steel Mill. Technological fuel is Pechora coking coal and raw materials - iron ore Kola Peninsula (deposits Kovdor and Olenegorsk) and Karelia (Kostomuksheky GOK).
Non-ferrous metallurgy is represented by enterprises in Monchegorsk (copper-nickel ore deposits in the Works Kola Peninsula) and nickel. In nepheline Kola Peninsula and bauxite, Arkhangelsk region. operates an aluminum plant in Nadvoicy (Karelia).
We develop the petrochemical and chemical industries. In the city Ukhta refinery located in Sosnogorsk -- Gas Processing Plant in Cherepovets - the chemical plant. Ancillary industries sector area is engineering (Petrozavodsk, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Murmansk).
Agriculture. Tundra between Timansky Ridge Pechora lip and east of the mouth Pechora - is the best pasture sowing deer. Developed industries, hunting and fishing.
Livestock dominates the cropping (for the development of which most of the conditions are unfavorable; predominant cultivation of fodder and forage crops). In South district cultivated flax (Vologda region).. Floodplain meadows (along rivers) have long served in the same southern region, the base for the development of dairy farming. The development of dairy industry.
Significant place in the economy took a fishing industry (fish-canning factory in Murmansk).
TEK. Fuel industry area is one of the branches of specialization. With the fossil fuel industry is connected electricity production. In the Arkhangelsk and Vologda Oblast and the Komi Republic, all power plants run on coal Pechora Basin (Vorkuta) and gas Vuktylskoe field. The largest is Pechora GRES.
In Karelia, and Murmansk region electricity production is more focused on power plant, built on a number of small rapids of rivers. These hydro power plants argely ensure the development of energy intensive industries in this part of the district.
Transportation. In a weak transport territorial cultivation play a big part of the river (in the valleys and where the majority of the population). By river raft, carrying cargo and passengers.
Railway laid in the meridional direction from the centers of the European part of Russia to Murmansk, Arkhangelsk and in the northeast, to Vorkuta.
Major transport hub -- Cherepovets. Ports: Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, Onega, Mezen (both - Arkhangelsk region.) Naryan-Map. Murmansk (the largest of polar cities in the world - 400 thousand inhabitants) - the most important ice-free port of Russia on North.