Theme 2.6. Geography of branches of a wood complex of Russia

The significance of a wood industry is stipulated by enormous stocks of wood and wide territorial distribution of wood resources. The wood areas in Russia constitute 766 million in hectare; it is more than in the USA, Canada, Sweden and Norway of together taken. Wood stocks as are huge. In woods it is concentrated more than half of world's reserves of the coniferous breeds more valuable, than deciduous breeds.
At placing of branches of a wood industry it is necessary to consider features of wooden productions, principles and placing factors, types, areas, the qualitative party of base, its prospect, the problems facing to a complex. Placing factors: raw, an area geographical position, availability of a manpower, consumer. Placing principles: integrated approach, approach to areas of timber cuttings, a continuity and inexhaustible wood resources, rational use.

Wood resources are non-uniformly enough distributed on territory of our country. Operational woods are possessed basically in Siberia, on DV and on S the European part of the Russian Federation (in remote areas, it is frequent far from means of communication). In the European part of the Russian Federation 75 % of all forest products are consumed approximately. Therefore the satisfaction of requirements for a wood material depends in very big degree on east areas. There was a shift of timber cuttings towards multiwood areas. S area, Y and Siberia give now 75 % of business wood (wood resources of the euroitem of a part of Russia also are maintained very intensively).

The basic consumer of business wood is lumbering which forms base for the further processing of wood raw materials. As areas of preparation of wood are removed from main areas of consumption carriage is carried out on Ry on the increasing distances. The big role is played by a river transport.

At wood preparations it is necessary to consider such feature of a wood industry, as high specific costs of raw materials for manufacturing of production and the big industrial waste (to 20 % at the stage of timber cutting, to 40 % at the stage of lumbering and further, in the course of after-treatment in furniture, match and other productions).

In regions of the country of the enterprise rich with wood resources on wood machining are dated for places of the approach Ry to special ways: Kotlas (the Arkhangelsk region), Omsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, etc.; take places in lower reaches and estuarys of the large floatable rivers having an exit in the sea: Arkhangelsk, Mezen (Arkhangelsk region), Narjan-Map, Igarka (the river Yenisei, Krasnoyarsk region), etc., and also take places along tracks on which wood is transported (along highways Murmansk - St.-Petersburg, Arkhangelsk - Vologda, etc.). At placing of objects sawing far from sources of raw materials also the most favourable position is taken by items on joints special ways and Ry (for example, Samara, Saratov, Volgograd).

The role of the raw factor is great and at placing of productions pulp-and-paper, the industries. Historically paper production has arisen in area TS of Russia. Further, in process of transition to wood raw materials, it has moved in other areas. Pulp-and-paper production differs except high specific consumption of materials also water-retaining capacity, that is, is focused on the rivers, as ways of transportation of production and water supply sources. Now the basic centres of this branch are possessed in Northern area - Kondopoga (Kareliya), Arkhangelsk, Kotlas, Syktyvkar; on At - Krasnokamsk, Krasnovishersk, Solikamsk (all in the Perm region); in Volga-Vjatskom area – Balakhna (the Nizhniy Novgorod region), Volzhsk (Mari El); in Pravdinske by the Kaliningrad region Are created powerful komb in Siberia and on DV - Krasnoyarsk, Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk, Baikalsk (all three in Irkutsk region), Selenginsk (Buryatiya).

As a whole the further development logging the industries in Russia should be connected with a problem of more complete use of wood resources at the minimum damage for environment.

The basic indicators wood, woodworking and the pulp-and-paper industry (2008): Export wood, million dense cubic m; Saw-timbers, million in cubic m; DSP, million in cubic m; the Paper, million tons; including newspaper.

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